scholarly journals Interannual Variations of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation in the Asian–Pacific Region*

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 3572-3584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Teng ◽  
Bin Wang
2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Homma ◽  
Jong Inn Woo ◽  
Helen F. K. Chiu ◽  
Kua E. Hoek

The recognition of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) varies in Asian countries. In India, for example, symptoms such as repetition, forgetfulness, anxiety, and agitation are simply ignored in the rural setting and are of no concern to family members; other symptoms, such as wandering, are easily tolerated. This cultural acceptance of certain BPSD, combined with the difficulty in locating a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms, limits their assessment and treatment in India (International Psychogeriatric Association, 1998). Fortunately, in a few Asian countries, empiric data on the frequency of BPSD have been obtained using formal assessment instruments.


1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zabihollah Rezaee ◽  
Joseph Z. Szendi ◽  
Connie Shum ◽  
Robert C. Elmore

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1485-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
Duane E. Waliser ◽  
Gregory V. Cesana ◽  
Xianan Jiang ◽  
Tristan L’Ecuyer ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 1748-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyong-Hwan Seo ◽  
Eun-Ji Song

Abstract Potential vorticity (PV) thinking conceptually connects the upper-level (upper troposphere in the extratropics and middle troposphere for the tropics) dynamical process to the lower-level process. Here, the initiation mechanism of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) in the tropics is investigated using PV thinking. The authors demonstrate that the midtropospheric PV anomaly produces a dynamical environment favorable for the BSISO initiation. Under seasonal easterly vertical wind shear, the PV anomaly enhances low-level convergence and upward motion at its western edge. Tropical PV forcing in the middle troposphere produces balanced mass and circulation fields that spread horizontally and vertically so that its effect can reach even the lowest troposphere. The downward influence of the midtropospheric PV forcing is one of the key aspects of the PV thinking. Direct piecewise PV inversions confirm that the anomalous lower-level zonal wind and its convergence necessary for the initiation of BSISO convection do not arise solely from the response to the lower-level PV forcing but from the summed contribution by PV forcing at all levels. About 50% of the low-level circulation variations result from PV forcing from 700 to 450 hPa, with the largest contribution from the 600–650-hPa PV anomalies for the convection initiation region over the western Indian Ocean. The current study is compared with and incorporated into the thermodynamic recharge process and the frictional moisture flux convergence mechanism for the BSISO initiation. This study is the first qualitative application of the PV thinking approach that reveals the BSISO dynamics.


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